Friday, October 16, 2009
Chapter 22
While his father drives him to El Puerto, Antonio talks with his father, who is happy that Antonio will spend the summer away from his parents with his uncles, even though they are Lunas. Antonio wonders if he doesn't have to be just Marez or Luna but could be both, and he asks his father if a new religion can be made, and why there is evil in the world. His father responds that most things called evil are things that are not understood, and that "understanding simply means having a synpathy for people", like Ultima who can "touch their souls and cure them".
Antonio enjoys the summer with his uncles. When it is almost time for Antonio to return, his uncle Pedro tells him that they are pleased with him and his work as well. Uncle Juan approaches hurriedly and Antonio overhears that Tenorio's second daughter has just died and he is drinking and threatening vengeance on Ultima. Pedro tells Antonio to go from the fields to his grandfather's house early and pack to leave that evening. As Antonio travels across a narrow bridge, Tenorio tries to run him down with his black horse and kill him, but Antonio narrowly escapes by jumping off and rolling down an embankment. Antonio hears Tenorio vow to kill Ultima's owl and realizes that the owl is "her protective spirit...her soul".
Frightened, Antonio decides to run the ten miles from El Puerto to Guadalupe, so he can reach Ultima in time to warn her. As he runs, he thinks of the time Narciso ran to warn Ultima, of the times her owl had protected them, and of his dreams, wondering "what dream would form to guide my life as a man?" He reaches his parent's house just as Uncle Pedro arrives in his truck. As his mother, father and Ultima emerge, Antonio sees Tenorio in the shadows pointing his rifle at him! After he cries out, Ultima's owl flies to attack Tenorio, who misses Antonio but cries out in victory after he kills the owl. Pedro shoots and kills Tenorio before he can fire at Antonio. The family enters the house only to find Ultima dying. Antonio asks her, "Bless me, Ultima" and she asks him to bury the owl and burn her herbs and medicines. He does, and though there is a memorial service two days later, Antonio's closing words are that "Ultima was really buried here. Tonight."
Discussion Questions
1. Were you surprised by Ultima's death? Why or why not?
2. What vocation and religious faith do you think Antonio will choose as he grows up?
Thursday, October 15, 2009
Chapter 21
Antonio asks Cico why they don’t tell everyone about the golden carp. Cico replies that “the god of the church is a jealous god; he cannot live in peace with other gods. He would instruct his priests to kill the golden carp-------“
The golden carp then appears and Antonio is filled with peace; the golden carp swimming by, the beautiful natural surroundings.
They decide to find Florence and share the golden carp with him. “Florence needed at least one god, and I was sure he would believe in the golden carp. I could almost hear him say as he peered into the waters, ‘at last a god who does not punish, a god who can bring beauty into my life.’”
Antonio and Cico go to look for Florence and they come upon a group of Antonio’s friends who have been swimming in a restricted area near the lake. They tell Antonio that Florence dove into the water and has not yet resurfaced. Antonio instructs his friend Able to fetch the lifeguard from the lake. As Abel leaves, Florence’s body floats to the surface. There is a red spot on his head and he is entangled in barb wire. Florence is dead. Antonio feels sick. With tears streaming down his face, he runs away from the gathering crowd.
“The lonely river was a sad place to be when one is a small boy who has just seen a friend die. And it grew sadder when the church bells began to toll, and the afternoon shadows lengthened.”
Chapter 20
1. What do you think Antonio's dream at the end of the chapter means?
Wednesday, October 14, 2009
Chapter 19
During the first part of the mass, Antonio thinks about his first confession the previous day, and how he had mixed feelings about revealing his thoughts and telling "everything, everything I thought was a sin". As the priest performs the Communion "ceremony of changing the bread into flesh and the wine into blood...of the risen Christ", Antonio imagines that God will soon be with him and inside of him and will answer all of his questions. Abel and Horse whisper about blood and Antonio thinks of the blood of Lupito and Narciso in the river and the hills of the llano.
Finally the children get up and kneel at the altar to receive the Communion. After Antonio is given the wafer and wine, he bows his head and waits for God to speak to him, but this confuses the other children who are continuing to move quickly in the line. "There wasn't time just to sit and discover Him, like I could do when I sat on the creek bank and watched the golden carp swim in the sun-filtered waters."
Antonio moves on and tries to sense God's presence and ask some of the many questions he has: "Why did Lupito die? Why did you allow Narciso to be murdered when he was doing good? Why do you punish Florence? Why doesn't he believe? Will the golden carp rule--?" But Antonio does not hear a Voice within, only silence, and he wonders if he did not prepare for First Communion correctly. He looks toward the statue of the Virgin and sees her smiling, "her outstretched arms offering forgiveness to all." A short time later, the mass is over.
Discussion Questions
1. How is Antonio's experience of First Communion different than that of the other children?
Chapter 18
During the forty days of lent, Antonio thinks of little else except the goal of first communion and saving his soul from an eternity in hell. He has dreams that people he knows are burning in the inferno. Florence, his friend, was one of the people that often appeared in these dreams. Antonio wants to save his friend from this fate and begs him to answer the priest's questions in catechism class. But Florence is not a believer and his reply is "You mean, when the priest asks where is God, I am to say God is everywhere: He is the worms that await the summer heat to eat Narciso. He shares the bed with Tenorio and his evil daughters_____" Samuel tells Antonio that in the summer they will tell Florence the legend of the golden carp so that Florence might have something good to believe in.
Antonio and his classmates finish their catechism classes and at last on the Saturday before Easter, prepare to go to their first confession. As the children are waiting to enter the church on this day, they decide to "practice" confession. Against his will they force Antonio to play the part of the priest. The first two to "confess" are Horse and Bones. Then the children insist that Florence make a confession. But Florence says that he doesn't have any sins and that God has sinned against him. The children are shocked by this and Florence goes on to say. "You refuse to see the truth, or to accept me because I do not believe in your lies! I say God has sinned against me because he took my father and mother from me when I needed them, and he made my sisters whores-----He has punished all of us without just cause." The children are angry and scared by Florence's words, they want Antonio to punish him. Antonio himself is scared since the other children are calling out "beat him, stone him, kill him." Antonio finds the courage to defy the other children and say there will be no punishment. The mob of small children then turn their anger towards Antonio. They tear off his clothes and hold him on the ground. Horse then proceeds to sit on Antonio and punch him repeatedly. "The blows of the knuckles coming down again and again on my breastbone were unbearable, but Horse knew no pity, and there was no pity on the faces of the others." Finally the beating stops because the priest is calling the children into the church. Florence helps Antonio get dressed. He says to Antonio, "You could never be their priest."
Antonio then goes into the church and into the confessional.
Discussion question:
- Do you think that any of the children confess to what had just happened on the church grounds?
Monday, October 12, 2009
Chapter 17
Chapter 16
Walking home from school one day, Antonio meets Tenorio in the exact spot under the juniper tree where he murdered Narciso. Tenorio looks at Antonio with hate, curses him, and tells him his second daughter is dying and that he will find a way to punish Ultima for it. Antonio yells back that he will not allow that to happen, and calls Tenorio a murderer. It seems that Tenorio is about to physically attack Antonio, but he stops, and only says "the curse is that you know too much", then runs off.
When Antonio gets home, he tells Ultima about the encounter, but she reassures him that Tenorio is a coward and was only able to kill Narciso because he ambushed him; he will not be able to do that to Ultima. Ultima's words relieve Antonio's worry somewhat, though he continues to have nightmares of Tenorio shooting Ultima, leading him to awaken in the night and listen to see if he can hear her moving around in the house. She always seems to be awake, which reassures Antonio. He muses that though he has always been close to her, he became closer than ever to her and more appreciative of her in those weeks she cared for him while he was ill.
Discussion questions
1. What do you think Tenorio meant when he said to Antonio "your curse is that you know too much"? How does this tie in with the overall theme of the novel, thus far?
2. Why do you think Tenorio has returned to the juniper tree where Antonio finds him -- is he seeking absolution, feeling regret for what he's done, waiting to ambush Ultima, or something else?
Wednesday, October 7, 2009
Chapter 15
"He was a big and wild man; he drank and cursed like most men do, but he was a good man. He died trying to help an old friend. He had the magic of growth in his hands and he passed it into the earth. Now his house was deserted and his garden withered away, and few people remembered anything good about Narciso."
Ultima nursed Antonio through his bout with pneumonia. He was worried that he may have talked in his fevered dreams about seeing Andrew at the brothel. Ultima assures him that his secret is safe.
During the Christmas holiday from school Antonio spends time with his mother in the kitchen. He recites prayers for her while she cooks. She tells him that in the spring he will start catechism classes that will culminate with his first communion on Easter Sunday. She tells him the he will "hold God in your mouth, in your body, in your soul--you will speak to Him, and He will answer." Antonio asks her, "Then I will have the knowledge of God?"
Antonio thinks that perhaps Andrew feels guilty about not heeding Narciso's warning about Tenorio. But all Andrew actually says to him is that he is sorry that Antonio witnessed the murder.
Shortly after Christmas Antonio's brothers, Eugene and Leon, came home to visit, but not to stay. When they leave, Andrew leaves with them. "And I wondered if the death of Narciso had anything to do with Andrew's decision to go."
Tuesday, October 6, 2009
Chapter 14
Antonio races the Vitamin Kid across the bridge as usual, then he and Samuel continue walking on to school while Andrew stops to supposedly catch his breath at the end of the bridge. The two boys walk by Rosie's house, and Antonio tells Samuel he saw the golden carp over the summer. Samuel is pleased to hear this, and tells Antonio that he might "become one of us". Antonio and Samuel share their respective experiences farming and sheepherding over the summer, but when Antonio tells Samuel that his mother wants him to become a priest, Samuel tells him that it is "the greatest calling".
When Antonio meets up with his old gang at school, the boys talk about what happened over the summer between Tenorio and Ultima, and then one boy asks Antonio if it is true that his brother has been "whoring" at Rosie's. Though Antonio doesn't know what this word means, he knows that Rosie's is a bad place. Several of the boys in the gang accuse Ultima of being a witch, and Antonio defends her. A fight ensues between Antonio and Ernie; though no one is hurt, after Antonio fights back the boys no longer tease him about Ultima.
One day a few weeks before the winter break from school, a snowstorm sets in. Antonio's sisters are allowed to stay home from school, but Antonio's mother tells him that if he is to be a priest he must learn about sacrifice, and so he goes to school in the bad weather. As he leaves, Ultima whispers to him "take care of the evil in the wind", and Antonio touches the scapular Ultima gave him in acknowledgment. As they walk to school, Samuel tells Antonio about a fight between Tenorio and Narciso the previous night at a bar in town, and speculates that the fight between them will not end until blood is spilled.
When he gets to school, Antonio finds that the only students there are other boys, which means that it will be only them -- without the help of the girl students -- to put on the annual Christmas play. The ensuing rehearsal devolves into chaos: Bones hides in the rafters above the stage, Horse throws a piece of wood that knocks out the Kid, someone knocks over the doll of the Christ child and the doll's head falls off. The play itself, performed for the other mostly male students at school that day, is no more dignified than the rehearsal: Abel wets his pants on stage during the performance; the audience yells at the actors, trying to identify who is in which costume; Florence accidentally breaks the light bulb that represents the light of the east and plunges the stage into darkness.
After the ludicrous theatrical production, Antonio walks home in the snow storm alone. On his way through the middle of town, he witnesses another bar fight between Tenorio and Narciso. Tenorio screams that another of his daughters is sick, and blames it on Ultima's "witchcraft". Narciso defends Ultima, and threatens to kill Tenorio if he causes any harm to her. In return, Tenorio says that he intends to kill Ultima and will kill Narciso, too, if he gets in the way. Narciso takes off to warn the Marez family and Ultima, but is afraid he will not make it to the house in the storm, so he looks for Antonio's brother Andrew instead. Antonio follows Narciso, and is led to Rosie's, where he finds Andrew. Antonio is shocked and disappointed to find his brother at the brothel, and muses on the loss of his innocence, remembering Lupito's murder and watching Ultima cure Antonio's uncle.
When Narciso finds Andrew, Andrew laughs off the warning about Tenorio's threat, and a frustrated Narciso decides to go to the Marez home to warn them, despite the storm. Following Narciso and unable to see clearly through the snow in the air, Antonio hears the sound of a gunshot. He comes upon Narciso, bleeding from a gunshot wound under the juniper tree and screaming that Tenorio has shot him like a coward. Tenorio attempts to shoot Narciso again to kill him, and when Antonio steps between the two men, Tenorio aims the gun at him instead. When the gun does not fire because it is out of ammunition, Tenorio runs away, and Antonio is again left to watch the final moments of a dying man's life. Narciso asks Antonio to take his confession, and he does.
In shock from witnessing another murder, and cold from the storm, Antonio drifts in and out of consciousness. In his fevered dreams, Antonio imagines he pleads for forgiveness for Narciso, but God says he will only do so if Antonio also asks for forgiveness for Tenorio. The Virgin Mary adds her voice to the argument, and says that she will forgive Tenorio, but Antonio does not want this because Tenorio has done evil things. Antonio's dream morphs into a vision of an angry mob driving his brothers with whips, and calling for Ultima's blood. His brothers plead with Antonio to bless them, and the dream shifts again. This time, Antonio sees the Trementina sisters dancing and performing a spell that causes Antonio to wither and die in sin because he hasn't yet taken the Eucharist. He imagines he sees the mob continue on: they burn his family's castle on the hill, put his school friends in chains, kill Ultima's owl, behead Ultima and drink her blood, burn Ultima's body, and catch the golden carp and eat it. Following these acts, the earth opens up and the church and school crumble into it, then the entire town follows. Antonio's dream ends with the golden carp reappearing and swallowing everything in his huge mouth, then glowing so brightly he becomes a new sun to shine down on a new earth.
Discussion questions
1. Considering the role Antonio plays in the final moments of several men's lives, how do adults in his world view Antonio?
2.What do the images and events in Antonio's fever dream at the end of the chapter symbolize?
Friday, October 2, 2009
Chapter 13
Antonio asks his Uncle Pedro why he didn't come to warn them last night. His uncle answers that Antonio's grandfather would not allow any of them to do so, in order to live in harmony with both the good and bad and not pass judgment. When Antonio points out that they allowed Tenorio to pass judgment on Ultima, who cured Lucas, Pedro is at first angry, but he finally acknowledges that they were afraid and praises Antonio for standing by his friend.
After a family dinner in El Puerto, one of Antonio's uncles tells a story that Tenorio and his two daughters will perform a witch's Black Mass for the third daughter who has just died. That night Antonio dreams of the events described except that he sees Ultima in the coffin! The next day, Tenorio and his daughters attempt to bring the third daughter to be buried at the church, but they are refused entrance (last rites and burial in holy ground) by the priest. Tenorio withdraws, defeated, but looks vengefully at Ultima as he passes by.
As the harvest ends and the Márez family leaves, the uncles invite Antonio to stay for the entire summer during the next harvest season, to give him the opportunity to know their way of life better before deciding which path he will choose.
Discussion questions
1. How are God, the golden carp and the Virgin Mary - as Antonio understands them - similar to some of the important adults in his life?
2. In Antonio's dream, why does he see Ultima in the coffin?
Thursday, October 1, 2009
Chapter 12
Antonio spends most of the time with Ultima. In the day they gather plants in the hills. In the evenings they spend time in her room. One evening Antonio asks Ultima about three dolls that are on her shelf. "The dolls were made of clay and shellacked with candle wax. They were clothed, and life like in appearance." These dolls seem familiar to him and one looks as if it had been left in the sun. "I looked closely at one doll that sagged and bent over. The clay face seemed to be twisted with pain." Antonio is told not to touch the dolls. Ultima distracts Antonio from them by warning Antonio to stay away from Tenorio Trementina, the evil man from El Puerto who had threatened Ultima and whose three daughters had supposedly put the curse on Antonio's uncle Lucas.
One evening the family is gathered in the kitchen and Antonio's mother is reminiscing about her friend Narciso. Although Maria had lived many years on the llano, she had only made two friends, Ultima and Narciso. Narciso, who was a drunk and many people thought was useless, had helped during the birth of her daughters and for that Maria will be always be grateful to him. Narciso was also the man on the bridge who wanted to try to save Lupito's life in chapter 2. While they are talking, Narciso himself bursts into the house. He is at first incoherent, such is his excitement. They finally come to understand that Tenorio and a bunch of his drunken friends are on their way to the Marez resident intent on blood. One of Tenorio's daughters has died and Tenorio is blaming Ultima. He has accused Ultima of being a witch.
When the angry mob arrives, Gabriel Marez stands his ground and will not allow them to take Ultima. Tenorio exclaims, " la mujer que no ha pecado es bruja, le juro a Dios!" Which means: The woman who has not sinned is a witch, I swear to God!" The men with Tenorio say that it is the "law by custom" to turn over a person accused of witchcraft. Narcisco points out that there are simple tests that could be used to determine whether or not Ultima is a witch. One proof of witchcraft is that witch cannot pass through a doorway with a holy cross on it. Using needles that had been blessed by a priest with holy water, they make a cross on the top of the door to the house. Ultima starts to walk through the doorway when her owl suddenly attacks Tenorio. The owl claws out one of his eyes. After the commotion of this event dies down, Ultima is standing outside of the house. This convinces the group of vigilantes that Ultima cannot be a witch and therefore can never again be accused of witchcraft. Tenorio then says, "Your evil bird has blinded me! For that I curse you! I will see you dead! And you Narciso, I swear to kill you!"
The men take the bleeding Tenorio and leave the Marez land. Once the men leave the family goes back into the house. Antonio pauses "at the door. A faint glitter caught my eye. I bent down and picked up the two needles that had been stuck to the top of the door frame. Whether someone had broken the cross they made, or whether they had fallen, I would never know."
Discussion questions:
1) The dolls in Ultima's room represent the three daughter's of Tenorio that Ultima made while performing the cure on Uncle Lucas. Are these an evil magic?
2) No one actually sees Ultima walk through the doorway. Do you think that the needles were still in the door when she walked through?